Heterogenization of Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts in Electrodes for (Photo)Electrochemical Water Oxidation

Water oxidation is still one of the most important challenges to develop efficient artificial photosynthetic devices. In recent decades, development and study molecular complexes for water have allowed insight into principles governing catalytic activity mechanism as well establish ligand design guidelines improve performance. However, their durability long-term stability compromise performance molecular-based this context, heterogenization catalysts on electrode surfaces has emerged a promising approach long-lasting This review covers state art strategies onto electrodes (photo)electrochemical oxidation. An overview description main binding are provided explaining advantages each strategy scope. Moreover, selected examples discussed together with differences in between homogeneous heterogenized system when reported. Finally, common (photo)electrocatalytic summarized.